Introduction

In contrast to the many palaces and pink monuments of Jaipur, Jantar Mantar is a white-gold futuristic island in the middle of this history. At first glance Jantar Mantar seems like a complex of slides, globes, and other intriguing constructs. But closer viewing will reveal its wonder. Jantar Mantar is an astronomical observatory built by Maharaja Jai Sigh II in 1724, whose passion for science, engineering, and astronomy prompted him to construct this complex of fourteen scientific instruments. Its been over 200 years since they were first constructed, these fourteen structures can still accurately measure time, predict eclipses, and track stars and planets in their orbits.

The science and engineering of Jantar Mantar is a remarkable achievement for its contribution to astronomy and architecture. Distinguished as the largest stone observatory in the world, the complex in Jaipur is one of five such observatories built by Maharaji Jai Singh II, whose interest in the celestial sky is unmatched. The gigantic size of the instruments was especially commissioned by the Maharaja, as he believed they would yield more accurate results.

Of the five observatories, Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is the most well preserved. Almost all instruments are still intact and work just as accurately. Made entirely of marble and stone, and an alloy of seven different materials, Jantar Mantar has withstood the trials of time. While the use of stone in astronomy was unheard of in thy 18th century, Jai Singh’s decision has proved correct, as most instruments work just as accurately today.

One of the most impressive structures is the Jai Prakash Yantra, which is two complementary hemispheres set deep into the ground. Four meters in diameter, each marble hemisphere has the coordinate marked and a metal ring that is used to read the time and determine the exact position of the sun.

Samrat Yantra is the tallest structure. It stands 30 meters tall, with a marble ramp and two arcs on each side. After all these years, the accuracy of the sun dial is off by just a couple of minutes. Samrat Yatra also measures the declination of stars, meridian pass times and predict crop prospects for the year. A smaller version of the sundial, the Laghu Samrat Yantra, tells the local time and is closer to the accurate time with a difference of just a few seconds. Records show that Samrat Yatra was built much after the smaller sundials around it, as the Maharaja wanted to test the design before the final structure was built.

To the west of the Samrat Yantra, is the Dhruva Yantra, with its 12 identical structures facing different directions is used to read the celestial coordinates of the 12 zodiac signs. Other instruments include the twelve Rashi Yantras, Disha Yantra, Raj Yantra and Narivalya Yantra.

A visit to Jantar Mantar is a unique combination of history and science. Whichever be your area of interest, you can be sure that you will be impressed with a trip to Maharaja Jai Singh II’s observatory.

Special Attributes

World's largest stone astronomical observatory

Nuisance

The site is very peaceful and free of irritants.

Dressing restrictions

None, wear whatever you find comfortable.

Connectivity

Buses, Taxis, Auto Rickshaws

Enjoyed by

All, especially those interested in Astrology and celestial bodies.

Exposure

As Jantar Mantar is an astronomical observatory, maximum care was taken to ensure exposure to the sun. While visiting, remember to wear a hat or cover your head, use sunscreen, and keep a bottle of water handy.

Avoidable Season

April, May, June

Facilities

Basic, plan accordingly.

Things Not Allowed

No such restriction.

Tip

Jantar Mantar can befuddle the average visitor, as the workings of these instruments can best be explained by someone who knows the structure or astronomy. Ensure that you have a knowledgeable guide to accompany you on your visit. The observatory is closed on Holi.

Type of site

Monument/Observatory