96 Results found for Search: monuments
1. 19th Century Light House, Pondicherry.
An iconic landmark of Pondicherry, and one of its most photographed monuments, this 19th century Lighthouse stands pretty on the Red Hills in Gorimedu, about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) west of the town. There is a very interesting story attached with the building of this lighthouse. According to legend, sailors used to find it difficult to navigate the ships to Pondicherry at night. Though there was an arrangement of beacon that kept burning on the Red Hills, there was no signal to guide the ship towards the shore of Pondicherry. Besides, the flame wasn’t enough as it was barely visible from a distance. To resolve this, the mariners formed a committee and requested the government to intervene. Subsequently, Saint Simon, the then Governor of Pondicherry, decided to erect a lighthouse in 1835.
2. Agra Fort, Agra.
Nestled on the west banks of River Yamuna, this crescent shaped fort was commissioned by Akbar, one of the greatest Mughal Emperors, in 1565. Since then, his descendants Jehangir, Shah Jahan and even Aurangzeb have added extensions to the fort. Surrounded by mighty ramparts, the complex has within the fort has several palaces, gardens, halls, and other historical structures. A visit to the Agra Fort complements visits to the Taj Mahal, as the fort itself offers great views of the Taj Mahal from across the Yamuna
3. Bagore-ki-Haveli, Udaipur.
Bagore ki Haveli is a beautiful mansion on the waterfront of Lake Pichola at Gangaur Ghat. Built in 1751 by the then Prime Minister of Mewar, Amirchand Badwa, this elegant haveli has now been converted into a museum of traditional puppetry, and holds musical performances every evening. There are some hundred rooms in the haveli with terraces, corridors, courtyards and balconies, but only a few display ethnic costumes and modern art. Browse the Queen’s Chamber and appreciate the quintessential Mewar painting, in addition to the two peacocks made of small pieces of colored glass.
4. Chini-ka-rauza, Agra.
The tomb of Afzal Khan, an important poet and the wazir of Shah Jahan’s court, Chini-Ka-Rauza is an interesting architectural landmark. Built in the later half of the 17th century, it is one of the first buildings to feature an entirely Persian-style of architecture with glazed tiles decorating its exterior.
5. City Palace and Museum, Udaipur.
City Palace is Rajasthan’s largest palace complex and stands on the east bank of the serene Lake Pichola. The palace offers grand sweeping views of Lake Palace hotel and Jag Mandir on one side, and Udaipur city on the other. Built of marble and granite in 1725 by Maharana Udai Singh, the palace today is home to the 74th Maharana of Udaipur, Shri Arvind Singh and his family. A fine blend of medieval Indo-European architecture, you will be amazed by the sheer lavishness of its courtyards, overlapping partitions, terraces, corridors and lush green gardens. When at City Palace, also tour the in-site museum, Pratap Museum, housing an impressive collection of old sculptures and inscriptions.
6. Fatehpur Sikri, Agra.
Built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the mid 16th century, Fatehpur Sikri was meant to be a new capital for his empire. It was also the emperor’s homage to Saint Sheikh Salim Chishti, who predicted the birth of the emperor’s much-desired son and heir. Built in almost uniform style, Sikri is a sprawling complex of palaces, mosques, temples, and other structures. It is a stunning amalgamation of the Persian and Indian styles of building.
7. Hawa Mahal, Jaipur.
Hawa Mahal is perhaps the most well known architectural landmark of Jaipur. An imposing structure in the city’s signature pink color, Hawa Mahal is a unique palace as it does not have any rooms or halls. It is a five-storeyed structure embellished with numerous little windows and balconies. Designed as a viewing gallery for the women of the royal household, the windows and balconies of this palace feature delicate latticework that is astonishing in detail and level of craftsmanship.
8. Humayun's Tomb, New Delhi.
Humayun’s Tomb, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the first substantial example of Mughal architecture in India. Humayun’s Tomb is often considered a precursor to the Taj Mahal owing to the stylistic similarity of its structures, although the former is built of red sandstone instead of white marble, and erected by a bereaved wife for her husband, not the other way round. Climb up the steep stone staircase to the second level, on the south side of which is the entrance to the main crypt where Humayun is buried.
9. India Gate And Children's Park, New Delhi.
A favorite picnic destination among Delhiites, at India Gate you will see families out for a stroll, enjoying a boat ride, or out with their kids enjoying ice creams. Its lush lawns are quite popular in the evenings, especially in summer months when the locals throng here to savor an ice-cream or simply enjoy the cool breeze. Located in the heart of Delhi, India Gate is a 42-meter-high (140 feet) archway in the middle of the road, reminiscent of the Arc-de-Triomphe in Paris. Like its French counterpart, this one too commemorates the 70,000 Indian soldiers who lost their lives fighting for the British Army in World War I.
10. Jallianwalla Bagh, Amritsar.
A little distance from the Golden Temple complex stands the Jallianwalla Bagh memorial park. It was the scene of a cold blooded massacre. A peaceful mass demonstration had been called by Mahatma Gandhi against the Rowlatt Act on April 13, 1919. It also happened to be Baisakhi, an important day in the Sikh calendar. A crowd of about 20,000 had gathered at this place. Lieutenant Governor of Punjab had declared martial law in response to Gandhi’s call. A platoon of infantry soon arrived under Brigadier-General R.E.H. Dyer’s command. Dyer, without so much as a warning, ordered his 150 troops of Gorkhas to open fire.
11. Jalmahal, Jaipur.
A picturesque pleasure palace built by Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh, the Jal Mahal shimmers amidst the cool waters of Man Sagar Lake. Viewing this 18th century palace from the clean lakeside promenade, it is easy to imagine kings, princes, and their entourage assembling for duck hunts and other revelries. The local authorities have recently refurbished the lake side, and you can now walk along the promenade or even venture for a camel ride. All while the red sandstone Jalmahal provides a beautiful backdrop. The lake is a favorite picnic spot with the locals, as well as a popular bird watching station.
12. Jama Masjid, New Delhi.
Standing sentinel over Old Delhi, the massive domes and tall minarets of Jama Masjid are conspicuous from the Red Fort. It is the greatest mosque in India, and definitely the largest, with a courtyard capable of accommodating 25,000 worshipers. Work on Jama Masjid began in 1644 and ended up being the final architectural extravagance of Shah Jahan, the Mughal Emperor who built the Taj Mahal and Red Fort. This beautifully ornate mosque has three great gates, four towers and two 40-meter-high (133 feet) minarets built of red sandstone and white marble.
13. Jantar Mantar, Varanasi.
The Jantar Mantar is an observatory. Located on the roof of Man Mahal near Man Mandir Ghat, it can be accessed from the river bank as well as a street close to Kashi Vishwanath Temple. It was built on the lines of the observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain and Mathura, and covers an irregular rooftop area that is 31 meters long (103 feet), 9 meters wide (30 feet). It can be approached from a staircase to the northeast.
The observatory was added to Man Mahal sometime between 1724 and 1730 by Sawai Jai Singh II.
14. Jantar Mantar, New Delhi.
Delhi is quite known for this red sandstone observatory constructed by Maharaja Jai Singh of Jaipur in the 18th century. He later went on to build other such observatories in Ujjain, Varanasi, and Mathura. The observatory commenced operation in 1724 and remained functional only for seven years. According to legend, the king found the existing astronomical instruments too small to take correct measurements and so he constructed these larger and more accurate instruments. Take a look at the huge sundial known as ‘Samrat Yantra’ that was used to measure the time of the day and the position of other heavenly bodies.
15. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur.
In contrast to the many palaces and pink monuments of Jaipur, Jantar Mantar is a white-gold futuristic island in the middle of this history. At first glance Jantar Mantar seems like a complex of slides, globes, and other intriguing constructs. But closer viewing will reveal its wonder. Jantar Mantar is an astronomical observatory built by Maharaja Jai Sigh II in 1724, whose passion for science, engineering, and astronomy prompted him to construct this complex of fourteen scientific instruments. Its been over 200 years since they were first constructed, these fourteen structures can still accurately measure time, predict eclipses, and track stars and planets in their orbits.
16. Lotus Temple, New Delhi.
A 20th century architectural marvel, this lotus-shaped Bahai temple is open to all faiths and is an ideal place to meditate in peace. Located in the South Delhi locality of Kalkaji, the lotus bud-shape of the temple is made of white marble, cement, dolomite and sand. In fact it is last of the seven major Bahai temples built around the world.
17. Naggar, Manali.
About 25 kilometers (16 miles) from Manali at an altitude of 1760 meters (5867 feet) lies the picturesque Naggar village, an erstwhile capital of the Rajas of Kullu for about 1400 years. Naggar is on the left bank of Beas River and opens up a vista of wooded slopes, waterfalls, quaint homesteads and the snow-covered Himalayan pinnacles in the backdrop. The area is dotted with ancient temples, not to mention the popular, 16th century Naggar Castle from Pal Dynasty. Built by Raja Sidh Singh, this imposing stone edifice served as the royal residence and latter as the state head quarters of the kingdom till the middle of the 17th century. Now, converted into a hotel by the tourism department, the castle commands a majestic view of the Kullu Valley.
18. Old Fort, New Delhi.
Jutting out of wild greenery, the Old Fort or Purana Qila is somewhat rectangular in shape having a circuit of nearly two kilometers (1.25 miles). Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor who set his new capital Dinpanah in 1534, built the gigantic gateway and walls of Purana Qila. The ramparts have three gateways with bastions on either sides. Like most Mughal monuments, this one too is surrounded by a now dried, wide moat connected that once to the river Yamuna. You will see a quintessential Islamic pointed arch with Hindu chhatris (umbrella-like structures) and brackets, at the northern gateway ‘Talaqui Darwaza’ (meaning the forbidden gateway).
19. Qutab Minar, New Delhi.
Soaring 73 meters (243 feet) into the sky, Qutab Minar was built by Qutab-ud-din Aibak in 1193 to mark his victory over Delhi’s last Hindu kingdom. You can spot five distinct storeys on the tower, each marked by a projecting balcony and tapers from a 15 meter (50 feet) diameter at the base to 2.5 meters (8 feet) at the top. The two top most floors are in marble and sandstone, while the first three are built of red sandstone. At the base of the tower is the first mosque to be built in India, Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid.
20. Red Fort, New Delhi.
A regal sandstone entrance ‘Lahore Gate’ leads you into the three sq. kilometer stretch of the Red Fort, a veritable treasure trove of buildings, courtyards, bazaar and a lovely flowering garden. Rising 33 meters (110 feet) above the clamor of Old Delhi, the red stonewalls are a testimony to the power and flamboyance of the Mughal Empire. Built in 1639 by Emperor Shah Jahan when Mughal creativity and aesthetics were at its zenith, the fort showcases delicate ornamental work and a marvelous architectural design. From Lahore Gate, walk straight into a stretch of bazaar arcade, Chatta Chowk, whose walls are lined with shops selling a great variety of antique silver trinkets, silk scarves, and traditional jewelry.
21. Sikandra, Agra.
Built almost entirely of red sandstone and decorated with inlaid white marble, Sikandra is the final resting place of the 5th Mughal Emperor, Akbar. As was the tradition, Akbar planned and began construction of the tomb during his last years, however construction was only completed by his son Emperor Jehangir. The tomb lies in the center, surrounded by a charbagh style Mughal Garden - a quadrilateral garden divided symmetrically by paved walways.. A stream of clear water leads from the tomb to this main square. Each side is walled, with a finely decorated dome atop the gate on each side.
22. Taj Mahal, Agra.
Standing proudly on the banks of River Yamuna, with the silvern river at back and beautifully landscaped gardens in front, the Taj Mahal leaves one speechless with its ethereal beauty. Around 20,000 craftsmen labored day and night to lay the great marble stones, build the exquisite dome, inscribe quotations from the Quran on the walls and adorn the monument with magnificent rubies and other precious and semi-precious gems. You can easily spend an entire day just admiring this magnificent structure, strolling in the gardens, exploring the monuments and just viewing the Taj Mahal in leisure.
23. Taj Mahal - Moonlit Night Tours, Agra.
One of the most photographed and recognizable monuments in the world, the Taj Mahal is a beautiful marble structure that enthralls visitors with its enduring beauty. Beautiful as it is, to see the Taj Mahal in the light of the full moon is an unforgettable experience. The cool white light of the moon brings this mausoleum alive. The Taj seems to shimmer and appear almost translucent. Seeing it in moonlight, it is impossible to believe that such ethereal beauty has actually been captured and created on earth.
24. Taj Mahal - Sunrise Tours, Agra.
Standing proudly on the banks of River Yamuna, with the winding river at back and lush green, landscaped gardens front, the Taj Mahal enthralls visitors with pristine white beauty. A sunrise visit to the Taj is a memorable experience; it offers you a chance to watch the Taj Mahal come alive in the beautiful colors of the morning. Stay for the duration of the sunrise, and you can see for yourself how this beautiful monument seems to transform in the morning light.
25. Taj Mahal - Sunset Tours, Agra.
Standing proudly on the banks of River Yamuna, with the winding river at back and lush green, landscaped gardens in front, the Taj Mahal leaves one speechless with its majestic beauty. As the bright Indian sun faded into the dark night, the Taj Mahal seems to come alive. A sunset tour is a great time to see the Taj in transformation, from the grand white monument to a shimmering mausoleum that leaves a lasting impression.
26. Thazhathangady Juma Masjid, Kumarakom.
About 16 kilometers (10 miles) from Kumarakom in the town of Kottayam is the 1000-year-old Thazhathangady Juma Masjid, nestled on the banks of Meenachil River. One of the oldest mosques in the country, Thazhathangady Juma Masjid is notable for its magnificent architecture and the richness in wood carvings that adorn the interiors. The mosque is a result of the efforts of the followers of the Islamic Prophet Mohammed during one of their voyages to Kerala.
27. Tomb of Itmad-ud-daula, Agra.
Itmad-ud-daula’s tomb, or 'Baby Taj' as it is often called, is the first Mughal era tomb to be built entirely of white marble. Its intricate inlay work, towering minarets and Mughal-style charbagh gardens inspired Shah Jahan's vision for the Taj Mahal. Nestled on the eastern banks of River Yamuna, the tomb was commissioned by Nur Jahaan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, who was Jehangir’s wazir and had been honored with the title ‘Itmad-ud-daula’, which means pillar of the government.
28. Aga Khan Palace, Pune.
Moved by the plight of the famine-affected villagers of the neighboring areas, in 1892, Sultan Aga Khan III offered a helping hand by providing them employment in building an eponymous structure—Aga Khan Palace. Located to the north, across the Mula at Yerawada, it is equally famous as Gandhi Memorial, because of its ties with Gandhiji, who alongside his wife and personal secretary were placed under house arrest within the premises during the Quit India Movement. In 1969, Aga Khan IV bequeathed the palace to the Indian Government as homage to the Father of the Nation.
29. Anchuthengu Fort, Kovalam.
About 36 kilometers (22.5 miles) from Trivandrum city and 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from Varkala, Anchuthengu is a place of historical relevance amid gorgeous coastal scenery. Crowning the bluff is the 17th century Anchuthengu Fort standing testimony to the architectural elegance of the British. This fort on the outskirts of Kovalam is believed to be one of the oldest trading posts set up during the colonial era in India. It was built in 1800s as an impregnable bastion of the British East India Company and till today retains a palpable English aura.
30. Anjengo Fort, Varkala.
An important trading station of the British, Anjengo Fort is about 36 kilometers (22.5 miles) north of Trivandrum city and some 18 kilometers (11.25 miles) from Sivagiri Mutt in Varkala. This is a lovely seaside drive from the mutt and opens up innumerable photo opportunities. On a sightseeing excursion around Varkala, it is worth popping into this fort set up by the English East India Company as a strategic garrison in 1684. The structure was raised in 1695 as a signal station or lighthouse for ships coming in from England. Anjengo literally stands for ‘Anju Thengu’ meaning five coconut trees in Malayalam.
31. Attukal Bhagavathy Temple, Trivandrum.
About 2 kilometers (1.25 miles) from Trivandrum city, Attukal Bhagavathy is an ancient temple dedicated to goddess Attukal worshipped as the Supreme Mother. The Supreme Mother, as the creator of all living beings and the mighty preserver as well as destroyer. Popularly referred to as the ‘Sabarimala for women’, the temple receives tens of thousands of devotees from across the country during the famous ‘Pongala Utsavam’. This beautiful old building is nestled on the banks of the Killi River, and is beautified with carvings of the various manifestations of the goddess as Mahishasuramardini, Kali, Rajeshwari and Parvathi with Lord Paramashiva.
32. Ayyanappilla Asan, Kovalam.
Close to the Lighthouse beach is a memorial dedicated to the two ancient Kovalam poets Ayyanappilla Asan and Ayyippilla Asan. They were the authors of the great regional epics Janakeeya Maha Kaviangal, Ramakatha Pattu and Bharathampattu, who spent their lives in Kovalam near the Lighthouse beach, Avaduthura in 1400 AD. Today the monument is under the Kerala Government Archaeological Department. The memorials get a lot of visitors.
33. Christ Church, Trivandrum.
Christ Church, Trivandrum is a popular and one of the oldest architectural landmarks in the city. The history of the church goes back to 1817 when divine services for the European residents had begun. During this period services were conducted ones a month by the Military Chaplins of Quilon (Kollam) as per the instructions of the Madras Government. Many years later, in 1837, a Tamil congregation comprising employees of the government printing press and those working in the homes of Europeans living in Trivandrum, was formed under the guidance of Christian David, a clerk in the government press.
34. Church of St John in the Wilderness, McLeodganj.
The Anglican church of St. John in the Wilderness lies between McLeodganj and Forsythganj on the road to Dharamsala. This small dressed-stone church was built in 1852. The interior walls of the church are also of exposed stone whose forbidding appearance is relived by fine stained glass windows, the polished wood of the altar rail, and the brass of the old oil lamps – which have been modified to hold electric lights. The church also has some memorial tablets which tell a story of their own. One large memorial plaque is dedicated to officers who fell in the Mesopotamian, Palestinian and French campaigns during the First World War, and in Baluchistan. On both sides, the church is flanked by a well tended cemetery over the grassy slopes. The most notable memorial and one which adjoins the church, is the elaborate stone memorial that was erected over the body of the British Viceroy, Lord Elgin who died at Dharamsala in 1863.
35. Deeg Fort and Palace, Bharatpur.
Deeg occupies an important place in Jat history of Rajasthan for this is where Suraj Mal defeated an 80,000 strong combined army of Marathas and Mughals. It was established the capital of the Jat kingdom under Badan Singh, before the base shifted to Bharatpur. Raja Suraj Mal, Badan’s successor was an enthusiastic builder, and this structure stands testimony to this fact. The Deeg Fort and Palace complex is impressive even in its ruins. The palace set in a small lake has an interesting fountain system with a huge tank on top of Kishan Bhawan feeding the fountains.
36. Haripur-Guler, McLeodganj.
Haripur is 55 km from Dharamsala via Ranital. This was the capital of the princely state of Haripur Guler - an offshoot of Kangra. Haripur fort has been ravaged by time and is not as well known or as large as the Kangra fort but it is strategically built. The location is picturesque and the Banganga rivulet gives it natural protection. Inside, there are a few carvings but they are blurred and difficult to reach – though eighteenth century travellers who visited the fort recorded that the Guler palace of Haripur fort had exquisite paintings and carvings. A major school of miniature paintings was also based here. After the construction of the Pong Dam and the flooding of the area by the waters of the Maharana Pratap Sagar, many people in Haripur had their lands submerged. Haripur yet holds several old temples and remarkable city gates with large stone carvings of deities from the Hindu pantheon that testify to a long gone creative impulse.
37. Jageshwar, Almora.
Set deep in the deodar (cedar) woods, Jageshwar is a big draw for many. Nature, religion and culture coalesce here in a heady concoction. As one descends from the high road, the sound of water streaming by and the sight of thick deodar woods fill your senses. Located right next to the river bed under the canopy of towering deodar trees, is a delightful temple complex dedicated to the ‘lord of the mountains’ - Shiva. As one goes temple hopping within the complex, the murmur of water and the swish of wind passing through the deodar needles doubly enrich the experience.
38. Kanakakunnu Palace, Trivandrum.
Located about 800 meters north east of the Napier Museum in the heart of Trivandrum city, Kanakakunnu Palace is one of the last architectural vestiges of the colonial era. Built during the reign of Travancore king Sree Moolam Thirunal (1885-1924), the palace served as the main venue for royal banquets. Later Swathi Thirunal, one of Travancore’s popular rulers, refurbished the palace and constructed tennis courts in the premises. He also did use it for a few years as a summer retreat. Boasting a quaint Kerala-style façade, the Travancore royal family used the house to entertain guests.
39. Kangra Fort, McLeodganj.
Kangra Fort was the largest fort in India north of Delhi. This was the arbiter of much of Kangra's history for a millennium. The earliest definitive reference of the fort is in 1009 AD in the chroniclers of the invader, Mahmud of Ghazni. Built on a rocky hill over the confluence of the Banganga and Manjhi rivulets, its high ramparts and walls have a circumference of approximately four kilometres. It was heavily damaged in the earthquake of 4 April 1905, but several gates, the shrines of Ambika Devi, Adinath and Lakshminarayan, and the remains of its palaces are still there. A small cemetery outside the fort has some seventeen graves that date to the time when it was under British control. There is a small museum near the entrance gate that has been established by the Archaeological Survey of India.
40. Karikkakom Temple, Trivandrum.
The 500-year-old Karikkakom Temple is tucked away in the tiny hamlet of Karikkakom, about 7 kilometers (4.37 miles) east of Trivandrum city. From a distance you can sight its rajagopuram (a pyramidal tower at the entrance), about 63-foot-tall, covered with intricately crafted sculptures of hundreds of gods, goddesses, demons and maidens on the four lateral sides illustrating episodes from Hindu epics. It took over six years and two crores of rupees to complete this grand five-storey structure. Dedicated to local deity Goddess Sree Chamundi, the temple receives a great number of visitors some of whom come simply to appreciate its Dravidian temple architecture, while the others to take a look at the beautiful ‘panchdhatu’ idol.
41. Koyikkal Palace, Trivandrum.
On the way to the Ponmudi hill station and the Courtallam Waterfalls, about 18 kilometers (11.25 miles) from Trivandrum at Nedumangad you will come across a lovely two-storied palace. Koyikkal is a quaint 17th century palace built for Umayamma Rani of the Venad royal family (1677 to 1684) in the traditional Nalukettu style with gabled roofs and a sprawling inner courtyard. Worth a stopover, the palace today is home to Asia’s biggest folklore museum and a numismatic (coin collection) museum set up by the Department of Archaeology. Browse the museum for its fascinating collection of ancient musical instruments and models of folk art.
42. Lohagarh Fort, Bharatpur.
Built by the daredevil ruler of the region Suraj Mal in the 18th century, it draws its name from loha or iron. It was designed to be impregnable with high bastions and a moat surrounding it. The sandy battlements around the ramparts neutralized the enemy gunfire making it difficult conquer. True to character none could capture it till the British came along. They too managed to win it after repeated attempts and incurring heavy causalities. Kishori Mahal, Mahal Khas and Kothi Khas are some monuments to look out for. Others like Jawahar Burj and Fateh Burj were made to commemorate victories.
43. Mahatma Phule Museum, Pune.
The former residence of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, a 19th century social activist and philosopher of Maharashtra, which was later converted into a Museum. It has on display several items related to natural history, arms and armory, geology, handicrafts, agriculture, forestry, and textiles; besides statues, stone carvings, and oil paintings.
44. Masrur Rock Temple, McLeodganj.
The temple of Masrur dates back to the 8th century AD. This is a complex of fifteen temples carved out of a live monolith. Stylistically, the temples show the Nagara effect of the late Gupta period with the deeply sculpted figures bearing resemblance to the Kailash Cave of Ellora. Apsaras in dancing poses, amorous couples and Shiva in meditation are but a few of the figures depicted. The sculptures are finely etched but many appear worn by both weather and time. Facing the row of temples is a rectangular pond and beyond it, is an open valley dotted with cottages. In the distance, the snow clad ranges of the Dhauladhar are faintly visible. In front of the temples, large sculpted pieces are arranged along the parapet of the pond. Among these, the lotus and an elephant are eye-catching. These are the pieces that fell during the devastating earthquake of 1905.
45. National War Memorial, Southern Command, Pune.
A Memorial located in the Cantonment Area that is dedicated to those Marathi soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces who laid down their lives in various battles fought in the post-Independence era.
46. Norbulingka, McLeodganj.
In 1754, the Seventh Dalai Lama created an institute to preserve Tibet’s arts and sciences within the Norbulingka Palace, the summer residence of the Dalai Lamas, which was located some two kilometres outside of Lhasa, Tibet’s capital. The Norbulingka Palace was constructed according to the foundation proportions of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, known as Avalokiteshvara. The same guiding principle underpins both the philosophy and architecture of the Norbulingka Institute located at Sidhbari, 18 kms from McLeodganj. The temple at Norbulinka is an impressively tall one and yet, is a very personal space wherein resides the true gem that is the visual and spiritual heart of the Norbulingka Institute; this is the gilded copper statue of the Shakyamuni Buddha - at once a radiant and serene, it is also a stunning piece of art.
47. Nurpur, McLeodganj.
The remains of the fort at Nurpur hold a rare treasure in the Brij Raj Temple dedicated to Lord Krishna. Krishna is enshrined as a black marble image alongwith his devotee, Mira Bai - whose image is in white marble. The statues are regarded to have brought to Nurpur from Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, during the reign of Raja Jagat Singh in the early seventeenth century. The structure of the temple is unpretentious but this Spartan building has been endowed with a rare and lavish treasure in its verandah which is covered with magnificent wall paintings. Many of these paintings have lost their lustre over the passage of time, but are yet remarkable. Nurpur is also well known for its fine shawls of pashmina and silk.
48. Ohel David Synagogue or 'Red Temple', Pune.
Built during the mid 1860s, this striking piece of Victorian architecture is locally referred to as 'Lal Deval' (Red Temple), as a reference to the constituent red bricks.
49. Padmanabha Swamy Temple, Trivandrum.
An iconic landmark in Kerala’s capital city Trivandrum, the ancient Padmanabha Swamy Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu – the preserver according to Hindu mythology – is a fantastic blend of Kerala/Dravidian architecture and folklore. This legendary 17th century temple is located near the bus station at the East Fort in Trivandrum. From the railway station in East Fort, the site is at a walkable distance. An impressive amalgamation of Kerala and Dravidian styles, the temple stands out for its ornate seven-storey gopuram (tower) about 35-meter-high (117 feet) at the main entrance. Enter the courtyard, and you will see a flagstaff encased in gold, rich with murals and carvings.
50. Pataleshwar Cave Temple, Pune.
Even though it never attained its final form, the unfinished Pataleshwar Cave Temple at Jungli Maharaj Road, which is carved out of a single boulder, is an exemplary specimen of Rashtrakuta design. Dating back to 700-800AD, the temple, with its seating areas, rooms, carvings and pillars, bears an uncanny resemblance to similar rock structures of the Elephanta caves. Dedicated to Shiva, Lord of the Netherworld, it derives the other half of its name from a nearby cave. Within the premises, there is a shrine in honor of Shiva’s bull Nandi, as well as idols of Sita, Rama and Laxman.
51. Shaniwarwada Palace, Pune.
Overlooking the oldest section of Pune stands tall the walls of the Shaniwarwada Palace. Constructed by Baji Rao I, the Peshwa ruler in 1732, the fort served as the political capital till the arrival of the British in 1817. However, in 1828, the fort-palace was majorly scalded by a mysterious fire. Today, all that remains of this once majestic building are old walls, a park with lotus pools and pillars made of wood and lattice work. The daily Light and Sound Show by the Pune Municipal Corporation within the premises acts as a tourist attraction.
52. Shindyanchi Chhatri, Pune.
A cenotaph built in the memory of Mahadji Scindia, who, for two long decades, 1760 onwards, served as the commander-in-chief of the Marathas, under the Peshwas. The premises also constitutes a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, which was constructed under the supervision of Mahadji himself in 1794, the year he passed away. In 1965, the late Madhavrao Scindia, a popular minister of the Congress Party and a descendant of Mahadji, commissioned the construction of a shrine and the entire temple complex in the memory of his ancestor. Currently, the Scindhia Devasthan Trust of Gwalior is responsible for maintenance of the Chhatri.
53. Sinhagad Fort, Pune.
Deriving its name from a lion-hearted general of Shivaji, Tanaji, Sinhagad Fort (Lion Fort), centering around which many a battle was waged—chief among them being one led by Tanaji himself in 1670 to recapture the fort (then known as Kondana)—has lost its sheen and significance over time. It is now known more as a picnic spot and a popular destination for trekkers. Within the premises are located a memorial of Tanaji and Rajaram, Shivaji’s younger son ; while on top of the fort are bungalows once inhabited by Lokmanya Tilak, and G D Madgulkarm, a renowned Marathi poet.
54. St Oswald's Church and St. Andrew's Church, Dalhousie.
St. Oswald’s Church is in the cantonment of Bakloh. The troops were Gurkhas, but the ten officers were British Christians. A cemetery was also established in 1872. The Chaplain of Dalhousie was directed to visit Bakloh on a Sunday once in six weeks and later, six times a year. The Archdeacon regularly visited Bakloh when he came to Dalhousie from Calcutta, or Lahore and a Military Church was built in 1893. The other cantonment in Dalhousie’s wings is the one at Balun; this has St. Andrew’s Church built by the Presbyterians who obtained a good site on the main road. The Centenary Service of St. Andrew’s Church was held on 30 November 2003.
55. St. John's Church and St. Francis' Church, Dalhousie.
The oldest record book of St. John’s Church dates back to 1863 though the church was not finished till 1882. This is the oldest church in Dalhousie and replaced an old wooden one. St. John’s is located at Gandhi Chowk. High stone revetments and a narrow path do not reveal much of St. Francis' church, the Catholic Church, from the road below. It is only when you reach the top, that the structure and the flattened hilltop are revealed. The church, which lies just above Subash Chowk dates back to 1894 and was built by contributions. The dressed-stone, dark woodwork and stained glass windows are finely done.
56. Tagore Bhawan, Almora.
Situated on a hill top in the cantonment area of Almora, this place has a lot of significance for history and literature lovers. Modern India’s greatest poet, Rabindranath Tagore is supposed to have penned his Nobel winning work – Gitanjali - at this place. Tagore had a special affinity for the Kumaon hills, and was prolific during his stay here. Many of his landscape paintings were also inspired by the grand Himalayan views from this point. When his daughter, Renuka, wasn’t keeping well, he brought her to these salubrious surrounds. It is also said that he came for solace to these beautiful hills after the death of his beloved daughter.
57. Thekchen Choling Complex or Dalai Lama Temple, McLeodganj.
The Namgyal Monastery is named after the original Namgyal monastery in Lhasa, Tibet. This is where novice monks are trained under the guidance of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. The monastery has nearly two hundred monks and the younger ones study the major texts of the Buddhist Sutras and Tantras. The Tsuglakhang is the main hall where prayers are conducted. This is encircled by large prayer wheels. Within are larger than life images of Shakyamuni Buddha, Avalokiteshwara and Padmasambhava. Just off this, is the Kalachakra Temple whose architecture and murals serve as a representation of Tibet's rich spiritual and artistic tradition. The residence of His Holiness the Dalai Lama is also located here.
58. Varkala Tunnel, Varkala.
Once considered an engineering marvel, the Varkala Tunnel is a 924-foot-long (277 meters) stretch of inland waterway built by the British as a trade route. It is a significant historical landmark in Varkala and a must-see on a sightseeing excursion. Etched out under a cliff, this century-old tunnel is about 41 kilometers (25.6 miles) from Trivandrum. A huge vent on the roof opens up this dark underground structure to fresh air and sunshine. Work on the tunnel began in 1869 and took 14 years to be completed.
59. Vettucaud Church, Trivandrum.
Vettucaud Palli (Malayalam for church) is located about 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) from Trivandrum city centre in a pretty coastal village by the same name. Legend has it that the church was established by St. Francis Xavier, the Jesuit missionary who came to India to spread the gospel. The church receives devotees in thousands during the annual ‘Feast of Christ, the King’ – a ten-day feast celebrated during the third Sunday of November. At this time of the year, the church bustles with activity. School and college students from across Kerala partake in choir music and chant prayers at the ceremony.
60. War Memorial and Kangra Art Gallery., McLeodganj.
The town of Dharamsala is the administrative headquarters of the district of Kangra. This lies below McLeodganj along the same set of hills. The Kotwali Bazaar is the main thoroughfare which connects up to McLeodganj. Two of the area’s ‘must do’ places are located here – the War Memorial and the Kangra Art Gallery. The War Memorial commemorates the war heroes of Himachal Pradesh. The Kangra Art Gallery is located in the heart of Dharamsala. This has artefacts that date back to the fifth century. The displays include the area’s famous miniature paintings. The gallery also houses sculptures, pottery, anthropological artefacts, coins, jewellery and manuscripts. 'Shaminas', canopies, and dresses used by local royalty, old carved doors, intricately carved 'jalis' that once served a windows or railings, lintels and 'pandals' - small platforms - are also on display.
61. Jim Corbett Museum, Corbett.
The heritage bungalow where Jim Corbett lived is tucked away about 3 kilometers (1.87 miles) ahead of Kaladhungi towards Nainital. It is opposite the crossroad that leads to Nainital via Khurpatal. Jim Corbett was a prolific writer, renowned environmentalist and a torch bearer in tiger conservation. Kaladhungi museum, Jim Corbett’s erstwhile winter retreat, now houses his memorabilia, plaques, life-size oil paintings, sketches, letters written by him and his friends, antiques such as a palanquin, some memorable photographs, furniture, and manuscripts including the last hunt of its owner. Peruse the collection; it gives a great insight into his life and times.
62. Nandi Hills, Bangalore.
Nandi Hills is where Tipu Sultan retreated to in order to escape from the rigors of battle and government. Even Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajiv Gandhi, Sir Mark Cubbon and Queen Elizabeth II are believed to have spent time here. A 60-kilometer (37.5 miles) drive away from Bangalore, Nandi Betta, as the locals call it, is at an altitude of 4,851-foot above the sea level, and offers stunning views. Situated in Chikkaballapur (Kolar district) the hill resort is a popular picnic spot for Bangaloreans and tourists alike. It also offers tourists the opportunity to stay overnight in government-owned accommodation.
63. Avantipur, Pahalgam.
The old settlement of Avantipur overlooks the river Jhelum and its foundation is ascribed to Avantivarman (855 – 883 ), the first king of the Utpala dynasty. After the end of his dynasty and the political upheavals that took place in the region during the medieval period, these temples fell into decay and were practically reduced to ruin. Excavations and restoration work began in the early twentieth century. Today, refined carving and graceful and elegant sculpture are the hallmarks of this historical site.
64. Hari Parbat Fort and Gurudwara, Srinagar.
One of the hills that around Srinagar is the Hari Parbat and like many other parts of the region this has its share of legend too. As the savior of the valley, Parvati is worshipped on Hari Parbat as Jagadamba Sharika Bhagwati, with cosmic energies and a temple dedicated to her is halfway up the western slope of the hill. She is also regarded as the patron goddess of Srinagar by its Hindu community. The hill is topped by the fort which has the remarkable Kathi Darwaza which is the main entrance to the fort and the Sangin Darwaza. The Gurduwara Chatti Patshahi is by the southern side of the fort and commemorates the visit of sixth Sikh Guru, Hargobind. The southern slopes of the Hari Parbat have the shrines of Khwaja Makhdoom Sahib and Akhund Mullah Shah.
65. Adivaraha Cave Temple, Mahabalipuram.
To the southwest of Mahishasuramardini Mandapam, an ancient cave temple with portrayals of Lord Vishnu as Varaha lies shrouded amid dense vegetation. At the entrance to the Adivaraha Cave you will be greeted by two sculptures of gatekeepers on either side. The inner walls of the cave are dense with sculptures of the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu – the ninth one is believed to be Lord Buddha. Look up the northern wall for the depiction of Lord Shiva receiving the holy Ganges in his long locks tied up in a knot above his head.
66. Bhandasar Jain Temple, Bikaner.
Marbled floors, etched pillars and walls adorned with gold leaf work, the three-storied Bhandasar Jain temple is one of the most magnificent instances of its kind in Rajasthan. Commissioned in 1468 by Bhanda Shah Oswal, a famous businessman, and completed in 1514, this structure, dedicated to the 5th Jain tirthankar Sumatinath, is an artistic recreation of Jain philosophy towards life and the world around us. With intricate gold inlay work, each floor has its own eye-catching feature, be it carved marble pillars with floral patterns, silver platform, or expansive balconies that offer a stunning view of the surrounding landscape.
67. Descent of the Ganges and Arjuna's Penance, Mahabalipuram.
A little away from the Ganesha Mandapam is a giant wall of open-air bas relief depicting the ‘descent of the Ganges’. In fact, the rock to the right hand side is called Descent of the Ganges and the one to the left, Arjuna’s Penance. It is quite fascinating how all the figures have been carved in a way that they either face the central cleft or appear to be moving towards it, and have their hands up in admiration. Another interesting depiction is that of a cat meditating near the leg of the bigger of the two elephants.
68. Devi Kund, Bikaner.
An exquisite example of Rajputana architecture, Devi Kund, located at a distance of 8 kilometers (5 miles) from Bikaner, is the site of the royal crematorium of the Bikaji Rathore dynasty. It houses several cenotaphs (called ‘chhatris’ in the local language), made of sandstone or marble, that have been erected in the memory of the Bika rulers from Rao Kalyan Singh to Maharaja Karni Singh. The most illustrious of these, made of marble and adorned with paintings, is dedicated to Raja Surat Singh. There are smaller cenotaphs for the queens, while tiny ones, called ‘Nada’ commemorate the stillborn royal children.
69. Jain Havelis, Bikaner.
A popular tourist destination, the Jain Havelis, are ancient mansions of the affluent nobility of the region. There are numerous such havelis strewn all across Bikaner.
70. Kamru, Sangla Valley.
The village of Kamru lies at a height above the valley floor and is a kilometer or so from Sangla village. Here stands its famous tower-like fort. This wood and stone structure was the original seat of the rulers of the erstwhile princely state of Bushair - they later moved to Sarahan and then to Rampur which lie downstream of the Satluj. With a population of about a thousand people, Kamru is a dense cluster of houses and is surrounded by fields and orchards.
71. Karnimata Temple, Bikaner.
Located around 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) south of Bikaner, en route to Jodhpur, in a village called Deshnok, lies this truly unusual temple dedicated to Karnimata (an incarnation of Goddess Durga). It is not the beautifully crafted marble façade, or the solid silver doors that lend the structure its exclusivity, but its residents. This 15th century edifice is where thousands of pilgrims throng daily to make offerings to around 20,000 rats that have been a part of the temple ever since anyone can remember! It is believed that the rodents are ancestors of the local people, and are hence regarded as sacred.
72. Krishna Mandapam, Mahabalipuram.
Adjacent to Arjuna’s Penance is another early rock-cut temple. This one is dedicated to Lord Krishna and depicts scenes of pastoral life. It is considered the biggest among the mandapams. Most prominently portrayed is the image of Krishna holding aloft the Govardhan Hill on his fingertip to provide shelter to the villagers of Gokulam and their animals from a raging storm. You will also see depictions of a shepherd milking a cow, a farmer carrying a child on his shoulder, a shepherdess carrying a pot of curd and a woman carrying on her head a rolled mat, and in her hand a tier of earthen pots.
73. Lalitha Mahal Palace, Mysore.
As the road leads you 11 kms out of Mysore, the magnificent Lalitha Mahal Palace, beautiful and shimmering white with European architectural influences, double columned and domed and set in the middle of a magnanimous terrace garden, is sure to make you stop and adore the beautiful monument. Built originally in 1921 by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV exclusively for accommodating the Viceroy of India, it was designed by E.W. Fritchley in the Renaissance style.
74. Laxmi Nath Temple, Bikaner.
One of Bikaner's oldest temples, the Laxmi Nath temple is an architectural marvel that depicts the commendable prowess of the artisans of the day. It also holds special historical significance as it was at that precise location Rao Bikaji had laid the foundation of Bikaner in 1488. A principal shrine of the Vaishnavas, it houses the idols of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi and is visited by numerous devotees all round the year.
75. Leh Palace, Namgyal Tsemo Hill, Leh.
The nine-storey high Leh Palace is one magnificent edifice, which was built by King Sengge Namgyal in the 17th century with an uncanny resemblance to the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. With the Ladakh mountain range as its backdrop towards the north, the Leh Palace is an architectural marvel that opens up sprawling views of the entire town and its surrounding areas from the rooftop. Further up from the Leh Palace, the Namgyal Tsemo Hill rises over it like a kingly ceremonial headgear and is the resting ground for an ancient fort ruin. What remains of this fort today are mere bricks and stones, offering testimony to a once great campaign that King Tashi Namgyal had undertaken in the 16th century. This fort is said to have been the earliest royal residence of the Namgyal dynasty and is flanked by some temples built in veneration of the guardian deities. Amazingly, these temples are still standing today, unlike the fort, and are visited everyday yet by a monk who opens the doors to light the butter-filled lamps every morning and evening in adoration of the deities.
76. Mahabalipuram Beach, Mahabalipuram.
Scattered with sculptural vestiges and an ancient shore temple in the center, the Mahabalipuram Beach is perhaps South India’s most atmospheric beach. A trip here is like waking up in another era where time stands still, the waves rush fast to break on the weathered periphery of a shore temple, and the sun casts an orange glow on sculptural panels, rock-cut caves and monolithic chariots that dot its brown sand. A lot of people come here to capture the dramatic beauty of these architectural pieces in the changing light of the sun.
77. Mahishsuramardini Mandapam, Mahabalipuram.
Below the iconic lighthouse, along the road is another fascinating Pallava relic, a rock carving called Mahishasuramardini Mandapam. You can either take the staircase to the right or simply climb the plain ground, and it will lead you to the opening of the Mahishasuramardini cave. Carved out of a single rock on the side of a hill, the northern wall of the shrine has an elaborate depiction of the fierce combat between Goddess Durga and the buffalo-headed demon, Mahishasura. Mahishasura symbolizes raw power, ignorance and egoism. In the course of time, Mahishasura became so frightful that every celestial being dreaded the mention of him.
78. Mysore Palace, Mysore.
The most famous tourist attraction of Mysore - the Mysore Palace is situated in the heart of the City. This is the residence of the royal family - the Wodeyars. A magnificent piece of architecture, the Palace is a blend of Hindu, Muslim, Rajput and Gothic styles and houses some magnificent frescos and artefacts. The wall size paintings, more than 100 years old, look so real that you might just walk into them. There are also the three dimensional paintings and no matter where you are standing these will appear to face in your direction. The Diwan-e-Khas is the most spectacular room with a huge doorway of carved rosewood embellished with ivory, stained glass ceiling, chandeliers with fine motifs, mosaic floor and walls decorated with marble and semi precious stone and painted with gold.
79. Pancha Pandava Rathas, Mahabalipuram.
Scattered with sculptural vestiges and an ancient shore temple in the center, the Mahabalipuram Beach is perhaps South India’s most atmospheric beach. A trip here is like waking up in another era where time stands still, the waves rush fast to break on the weathered periphery of a shore temple, and the sun casts an orange glow on sculptural panels, rock-cut caves and monolithic chariots that dot its brown sand. A lot of people come here to capture the dramatic beauty of these architectural pieces in the changing light of the sun.
80. Pardesi Synagogue, Kochi.
Pardesi Synagogue is a symbol of Kochi’s religious diversity. Located at the end of Jew Street, this synagogue gets its name from the fact that it was the place of worship of ‘white Jews’ (hence Pardesi or foreign). Once upon a time as many as seven synagogues were housed on this street, but Pardesi is the only one standing today. Over a period of time many Jews moved to Israel, and many others converted to Christianity. During the times when Kochi was a thriving port on the ‘Spice Route’, Jew Town was a thriving locality.
81. Sadras, Mahabalipuram.
About 13-kilometer (8.12 miles) from Mahabalipuram towards Kalpakkam, there is an idyllic beach resort, Sadras, known for the ruins of a Dutch Fort. Take a stroll in the Dutch cemetery and look up the finely carved headstones and the inscriptions on them. Actually, Sadras is an anglicized version of the ancient town of Chadhuranga Pattinam. Sadras was set up in the 17th century as a Dutch colony, and an important centre for weaving fine muslin cloth for export. This little village was a flourishing weaver settlement until the Dutch conquered the domains from the Carnatic rulers in 1612.
82. Shanti Stupa, Leh.
There is a very tranquil structure that rests at an altitude of 4,267 meters (14,000 feet) on a hilltop in Changspa village, about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) from Leh. The Shanti Stupa was built by the Nipponzan-Myohoji order of Japan, a religious community that has been engaged in the construction of peace pagodas and temples in various parts of the world. The architectural treatment of Shanti Stupa is really unique. You will be greeted with a highly striking dual-level structure featuring a carved relief of the Dharmachakra (Wheel of Dharma) at the centre of the first level, flanked by two deer and some Buddhist followers. Post sunset, Shanti Stupa is completely illuminated, offering visitors a unique experience.
83. Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the shore temple was built in the 7th century by Narasimha Varman II facing the Bay of Bengal. The ‘Shore Temple’ is the lone survivor of the seven magnificent temple complexes, known as the seven pagodas, built near the sea. With five-storeys, shikharas and plunging eaves, it is one of the oldest South Indian temples built in Dravidian style. The complex spreads out over a square platform, and comprises three temples, of which two are east and west facing Shiva temples, and the third a Vishnu shrine in the center.
84. St Francis Church, Kochi.
This is the oldest church built by the Europeans in India, the St Francis Church was constructed by the Portuguese in 1503. Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese trader who came to India looking for spices and Christians, was buried here upon his death in 1524. His remains were later taken to Lisbon, Portugal. However, the original tombstone still remains, and draws many history buffs.
85. St.Philomena's Church, Mysore.
St.Philomena’s Church is one of the oldest and largest churches of Asia. It holds the relic of the 3rd century St. Philomena. A Gothic structure, it is adorned with huge stain glass windows depicting scenes from the birth of Christ, the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection and the Ascension of Christ. The church’s two 53 meters high spires, inspired by the spires of the Cologne Cathedral, make it easy to spot from across the city. The floor plan of the church resembles a cross with the long part forming the prayer hall.
86. Thirukadalmallai, Mahabalipuram.
Thirukadalmallai temple is a Pallava architectural specimen built to protect a wealth of sculptures from the turbulent sea. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, and considered one of 108 ‘Divya desams’ (holy abode of Lord Vishnu), the temple is thronged by devotees and architecture lovers through the year. Its ambience is enhanced by an endless blue sea outside, and the row of casuarinas lining it. Do take time out to explore the tiny villages fringing the temple; they make all sorts of oddball handicraft and metal antiques. You can buy these souvenirs direct from the artisans.
87. Tiger Caves, Mahabalipuram.
These mysterious caves are about 5-kilometer (3.12 miles) north of Mahabalipuram in the pretty coastal hamlet of Salurankuppam. Set by the sea amid dense casuarinas in a landscape of small hillocks and big boulders, the Tiger Caves are actually rock-cut temples built in an open-air theatre style to host cultural events during the Pallava period. The main shrine is dedicated to Goddess Durga, while the entrance to the cave has carved heads of an animal that resembles a tiger. Legend has it that the animal depicted is the mythological ‘Yali’, thus the name ‘Yali Mandapam’.
88. Trimurti Cave Temple, Mahabalipuram.
Nestled on a 100-foot-high cliff, this 7th century rock-cut temple is dedicated to the three supreme deities of the Hindu pantheon, Brahma – the creator, Vishnu – the preserver, and Shiva – the destroyer. You will come across the carvings of a Shivalingam and Lord Brahma in the first two cells, while the third cell depicts Goddess Durga trampling Mahishasura’s (the buffalo-headed demon) head. Browse the rock-cut zoo adjacent to the cave temple; it has sculptures of an elephant, a calf, a monkey and a peacock.
89. Varaha Cave Temple, Mahabalipuram.
Another paradigm of rock-cut architecture, the Varaha Cave temple was etched out on the rocky walls of a granite hill in the late 7th century by the Pallavas. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is a monolithic rock-cut temple with a mandapam that has on its inside walls gigantic sculpted panels depicting Lord Vishnu as Varaha, the boar, holding in his arms Bhu Devi, the earth goddess, and nuzzling her breast as he rescues her from the snake king who had abducted her under the ocean. The four columns lining the entrance to the cave have lion carved into their bases.
90. Rabdentse Ruins, Pelling.
Rabdentse was the seat of the second capital of the then princely state of Sikkim. It became the second capital of Sikkim after the second Chogyal (monarch) shifted his royal base from Yuksom in 1670 to this very place. Bounded by a valley thickly overgrown with virgin forests, Rabdentse Ruins is really a remarkable sight. Even the leisurely walk to the ruins will take you through a scenic route that will seem like a poetic illustration out of a fairy tale, with goldfish-filled placid lakes and exotic species of orchids giving you company all the way. The parapet of the former capital affords some of the most spectacular views of the misty mountains beyond. The best time to visit this ruins would be the spring season when the whole valley comes alive, enhancing the splendor of the destination by greater levels.
91. Christ Church, Mahabaleshwar.
Christ Church is another famous church in Mahabaleshwar. Built during the British reign of the region, the church features elaborate stained glass windows that depict Jesus Christ, the four Evangelists, Moses and even St John the Baptist. The sight of these magnificent windows and the fine craftsmanship is a sight to behold.
92. Holy Cross Church, Mahabaleshwar.
Another monument whose origins can be traced back to the British rule is the Holy Cross Church. Built by Catholic residents of the region, it is a small church that is worth a visit for its serene location and historic structure. Though the church is now in a dilapidated condition, people still flock here to see the beautiful and intricate stained glass windows.
93. Madikeri Fort, Coorg.
Originally made in mud, the 110 feet long Madikeri Fort was re-built in stone (with secret underground passages) by Tipu Sultan. Much later Lingarajendra Wodeyar II reconstructed this two-storied fort with brick and mortar between 1812 - 1817. Now the District Collector’s Office, this palace has a stone formation of a tortoise with the initials of King Vijayarajendra and two life size stone replicas of the royal elephants killed by King Veera Raja. In 1855, the British built a Gothic styled Anglican St. Mark's Church which has now been converted into a museum. After a couple of facelifts a Clock Tower and a portico were added by the British in 1933.
94. Morarji Castle, Mahabaleshwar.
Morarji Castle is a quaint colonial style structure that allures the visitors with its old world charm. It was here that Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation lived in 1945 during the freedom struggle.
95. Mount Malcolm, Mahabaleshwar.
Though Mahabaleshwar is primarily a hill station it has its fair share of history, a lot of it dates back to the presence of British garrisons and officers. There are a lot of structures in the city that date back to the time of the Raj. One of the most prominent among them is Mount Malcolm the one-time residence of Governor Sir John Malcolm who was also the founder of this beautiful hill station. Built in 1829, it boasts of a spectacular architectural style. Every nook and corner of this structural delight is reminiscent of the opulent British Raj. It is situated on the Prospect Point.
96. Open Hand Monument, Chandigarh.
The official emblem of the city, the Open Hand Monument was planned and designed by Le Corbusier, the creator of this beautiful city. The monument acts as a weathervane, and gently rotates with the wind. It is made of metal sheets, stands 14 meters high and weighs around 50 tones. The Open Hand conveys the message of peace and unity and a city that is "open to give and open to receive” ideas. The monument is one of the popular tourist attractions and has attracted tourists from all over the world to Chandigarh.